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Safrole
CAS number 94-59-7
Safrole IUPAC name
5-(2-Propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole
Other names Shikimol 5-Allylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole
Properties
Molar mass 162.19 g/mol
Molecular Formula C10H10O2
Molecular Weight 162.19
Density 1.096 g/cm3
Melting point 11 °C
Boiling point 232-234 °C
Safrole is a colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid. It is typically
extracted from the root-bark or the fruit of sassafras plants in the
form of sassafras oil, or synthesized from other related methylenedioxy
compounds.
It is the principal component of brown camphor oil, and is found in
small amounts in a wide variety of plants, where it functions as a
natural pesticide.
Safrole is an ingredient used to manufacture Ecstasy, a psychoactive
drug that affects the brain's use of the naturally-produced chemical
serotonin, which regulates mood and aggression.The DEA issued a public
advisory in May 2003 warning chemical distributors about the drug-making
potential of safrole, which is a substance naturally found in the oils
from sassafras and camphor trees.
The Drug Enforcement Administration and state/local law enforcement
authorities have noted an alarming trend involving illicit MDMA
production. MDMA (Ecstasy) is a major drug problem.
All businesses engaged in the sale of safrole and essential oils rich in
safrole, such as, sassafras oil, "brown" camphor oil or camphor oil
1.070, also referred to as Chinese sassafras oil, should be aware of the
use of these products by clandestine MDMA laboratory operators.
Criminal elements routinely use these List I chemicals in the illicit
production of MDMA. DEA is aware that these criminals are searching,
often over the Internet, for sources of supply for these List I
chemicals.
This notice is being provided to:
Make you aware that safrole and essential oils rich in safrole, such as
sassafras oil, and brown camphor oil or camphor oil 1.070, are List I
chemicals;
Remind all distributors of these products that they must be registered
with DEA, obtain identifying information from their customers, keep
records, report suspicious orders to DEA, and "know their customer," to
avoid unwittingly becoming a supplier to a clandestine MDMA laboratory;
Safrole was once widely used as a food additive in root beer, sassafras
tea, and other common goods. However, the FDA barred the use of safrole
after it was shown to be mildly carcinogenic.
Today, safrole is used for making soap and perfumes, aromatheraputic
agents, and the insecticide heliotropin (piperonal butoxide). More
recently, safrole has been used as the main precursor for the
clandestine manufacture of MDMA (Ecstasy) and MDEA (Eve). The standard
synthetic procedure for the production of MDMA from safrole is via
isomerization in the presence of a strong base to isosafrole.
This is then oxidised to 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl-2-propanone. Finally
a reductive amination with either methylamine (to make MDMA) or
ethylamine (to make MDEA).
It is nearly impossible to obtain large quantities of safrole and/or
sassafras oil without arousing the suspicion of law enforcement, as
Safrole is currently a List I chemical.
Carcinogenicity
Safrole is shown to be a weak carcinogen in rats. It naturally occurs in
a variety of spices such as basil, cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper. In that
role safrole is believed, although not proven, to make a small but
measurable contribution to the overall incidence of human cancerToday,
safrole is also banned for use in soap and perfumes by the International
Fragrance Association.
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Note /Government
Notification: These chemicals are designated as those that are used
in the manufacture of the controlled substances and are important to
the manufacture of the substances. For any (Control Substance)
products Import and Export *** subjected to your country government
laws /control substance ACT.
Information: The information on this web page is provided to help
you to work safely, but it is intended to be an overview of hazards,
not a replacement for a full Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). MSDS
forms can be downloaded from the web sites of many chemical
suppliers. ,also that the information on the PTCL Safety web site,
where this page was hosted, has been copied onto many other sites,
often without permission. If you have any doubts about the veracity
of the information that you are viewing, or have any queries, please
check the URL that your web browser displays for this page. If the
URL begins "www.tajapi.com/www/Denatonium Benzoate.htm/" the page is
maintained by the Safety Officer in Physical Chemistry at Oxford
University. If not, this page is a copy made by some other person
and we have no responsibility for it.
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the
Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug
Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.[1] The CSA is the federal
U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation,
possession, use and distribution of certain substances is regulated.
The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs |
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India
