Overview

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Germany has apologised to Namibia for the colonial-era killings of thousands of members of the Herero ethnic group; their descendants have asked Berlin for financial compensation.

AT-A-GLANCE Politics: President Pohamba took over from independence fighter Sam Nujoma, who led the ruling SWAPO party until 2007. The opposition has only minor representation in parliament Economy: Main trading partner is South Africa. Government keen to step up land acquisitions from white farmers   Timeline

Namibians achieved independence in 1990 after a bush war of almost 25 years. Inter-racial reconciliation encouraged the country's white people to remain and they still play a major role in farming and other economic sectors.

In recent years supporters of land reform have become more vocal. The expropriation of white-owned farms began in 2005 and the government says it aims to resettle many thousands of landless citizens.

Like its neighbours, Namibia's wellbeing is being threatened by the HIV/Aids epidemic, which is estimated to affect 25% of Namibians. Mr Nujoma made the fight against the disease a national priority.

In the late 1990s secessionist troubles in the Caprivi Strip, in eastern Namibia, prompted thousands to flee to Botswana. In 2002 the government declared that the area was safe for tourists.

Deserts occupy much of the country; their dunes take on shapes and colours according to the elements. The country also boasts game-rich grasslands and a semi-arid Central Plateau, large tracts of which are given over to livestock farming.

Facts

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Leaders

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President: Hifikepunye Pohamba

Hifikepunye Pohamba, representing the ruling Swapo party, won a landslide victory in presidential elections in November 2004.

Hifikepunye Pohamba, Sam Nujoma's chosen successor

Opposition parties disputed the outcome and demanded a recount. Most observers said there had been little evidence of irregularities during voting.

Mr Pohamba, the chosen successor of the former President Sam Nujoma, is a founder member of Swapo and a long-time confidante of Mr Nujoma.

Mr Pohamba, who was inaugurated in March 2005, said he would pursue his mentor's policies, including proposed land reforms. He has warned of a possible "revolution" should white farmers not agree to sell land to the government.

Born in 1935, Hifikepunye Pohamba went into exile in the 1960s and later studied in the Soviet Union.

The president, who shares executive power with the cabinet, is limited to two five-year terms.

• Presidential and parliamentary elections are due on 27 November 2009.

Media

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Namibia is one of the more media-friendly countries in Africa. The constitution provides for press freedom and on the whole this is respected by the government.

Media rights body Reporters Without Borders says there is "no major obstacle to the circulation of news".

Broadcasters and the private press give coverage to the opposition, including views critical of the government.

There are around 20 private and community radio stations. BBC World, CNN and South African and international TV channels are available via cable and satellite. Radio France Internationale broadcasts on FM in the capital.

There were some 100,000 internet users by March 2008 (ITU figure) - around 5% of the population.

The press
 

• The Namibian - private, English and Oshiwambo-language daily
• Namibia Economist - daily
• Die Republikein - Afrikaans daily
• New Era - state-owned daily
• Windhoek Observer - private, weekly
• Allgemeine Zeitung - German-language daily published in Windhoek

Television
 

• Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) - national state broadcaster
• Desert TV - private station in Windhoek

Radio
 

• Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) - state-run
• Radio Kudu - private, music-based network
• Radio Wave - private, music network
• Radio Energy - private, music station
• Radio 99 - private, music-based network
• Katutura Community Radio (KCR) - Windhoek, rebroadcasts some BBC World Service programmes
• Channel 7 - private religious station in Windhoek

News agency
 

• Namibia Press Agency (Nampa)
  
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