What is gum disease? Gum disease (also called periodontal disease), is an infection of
the tissues that support the teeth. These include the gums (gingiva),
the tooth socket, and the periodontal ligaments.
What is the cause?
Gum disease is caused by plaque, which is a sticky film of
bacteria, mucous and food debris, that constantly forms on the
teeth. Unremoved plaque hardens to form a calculus (tartar). This
causes irritation and inflammation of the gums.
Injury to the gums as with vigorous brushing can also produce gum
disease. The risk of gum disease is higher in diabetes, during
pregnancy and in people who maintain a poor dental hygiene.
What are the signs of gum disease?
Early gum disease is called gingivitis. This stage is usually
painless. Advanced form of the disease is called periodontitis. A
doctor should be consulted in case the following are observed:
* Bleeding from gums during brushing
* Red, swollen gums
* Gums that recede from the teeth
* Persistent bad breath
* Pus between gums and teeth
* Loose teeth
What is the treatment?
The doctor may prescribe certain tests including dental X-rays.
The teeth are cleaned by the dentist to remove the deposits
(scaling). Regular and proper brushing along with good dental
hygiene are important for healthy teeth.
what are the
risk factor?
•
Smoking. Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors
associated with the development of gum disease. Additionally,
smoking can lower the chances for successful treatment.
*Hormonal changes in girls/women. These changes can make gums
more sensitive and make it easier for gingivitis to develop.
*Diabetes.
People with diabetes are at higher risk for developing infections,
including gum disease.
•Medications. There are hundreds of prescription and over the
counter medications that can reduce the flow of saliva, which has
a protective effect on the mouth. Without enough saliva, the
mouth is vulnerable to infections such as gum disease. And some
medications can cause abnormal overgrowth of the gum tissue; this
can make it difficult to keep gums clean.
•Illnesses. Diseases like cancer or AIDS and their treatments can
also negatively affect the health of gums.
•Genetic susceptibility. Some people are more prone to severe gum
disease than others.
How can gum disease be prevented?
* Brush teeth twice daily. Use a soft-bristle toothbrush and
change it regularly
* Flossing is recommended after meals to remove any food debris
* Anti-plaque toothpastes or mouth rinses are also useful
* Visit the dentist regularly for teeth cleaning.
Growing Stronger, Growing
Better
Teeth cleaning
Advanced form of the
disease is called periodontitis
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