Bronchitis is the swelling and
irritation in the small air passages in the lungs. In acute
bronchitis there is a cough that produces phlegm, and pain
behind the breastbone when you breathe deeply or cough.
How does it happen?
Bronchitis is commonly associated with viral
infections of the respiratory tract, such as colds and flu.
Bacterial infections may also cause acute bronchitis. It may
also occur with childhood illnesses, such as measles and
whooping cough. Infants, young children and the elderly are
most likely to get acute bronchitis. Attacks are most
frequent during the winter and when air pollution is high.
What are the symptoms?
There is cough with yellowish or greenish
phlegm. Pain occurs behind the breastbone or in the chest on
breathing deeply or coughing. Wheezing or breathlessness may
be present. Fever with chills along with a headache or sore
muscles may occur.
How is it diagnosed?
The doctor will ask about
the symptoms and examine the patient’s chest with a
stethoscope. Some tests may also be done, such as, sputum
analysis (if it is yellowish, greenish or blood-tinged),
chest X-ray and some blood tests.
What is the treatment?
Treatment includes taking medicines to
relieve the symptoms. Antibiotics are required in bacterial
infections. The doctor should be informed about any allergy
to antibiotics. Steam inhalation or using a vaporizer helps
in recovery. Cough syrups that help liquefy the phlegm may
be used. If wheezing is present, bronchodilators may be
needed.
How long will the effects last?
In most cases, bronchitis
develops suddenly and clears up quickly. The symptoms last
from 2 to 4 days. It may take longer to recover in smokers.
People having a heart or lung disease, living in an area
with air pollution or other health problems may delay
recovery.
When should the doctor be
consulted?
The doctor must be consulted if
the patient doesn't feel better in a couple of days, has
breathing trouble, a fever over 100.5 degrees F (38 degrees
C) or blood on coughing.
How to prevent acute
bronchitis?
Reduce the risk of getting a respiratory
infection:
Do not smoke
Exercise regularly
Frequently wash hands
Eat healthy foods
Avoid damp, cold and polluted areas
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