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Refractive errors |
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What is refractive error?
The
function of the eye is to see
clearly the objects around us. The inability of the eye to
accurately focus the rays of light coming from distance on the
retina is called refractive error. This condition may be either
because the eye is too short or long in length, or because the
cornea or lens does not have the required refractive power. There
are three types of refractive errors:
Myopia (near-sight): this is the condition in which the eye is too
long and the light is focused in front of the retina. Distant
objects are blurred but the near objects are seen clearly. The eye
has too much optical power and to correct it the optical power is
reduced by either minus glasses or contact lenses, or by surgery
.
Hypermetropia (long-sight): this is the condition in which the eye
is too short and the light is focused behind the retina. The eye
has less optical power than is needed. When young the eye can use
the lens within the eye to compensate, but reading glasses are
needed at a relatively early age. Later, distance glasses (plus)
are needed as well, such that glasses for distance and near are
required.
What are the ways of
treating refractive errors?
The refractive errors may be treated by either of the following
ways:
-
Glasses: this is the simplest
and most popular way of correcting refractive errors
-
Contact lens: this option is
cosmetically much better though the maintenance and cleaning of
contact lenses may be cumbersome. There is also a slight risk of
infection to the cornea, if the contact lenses
are not cleaned properly before use.
-
Refractive surgeries: these
are increasingly becoming popular with the advent of more
predictable laser treatments
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