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An estimated 250 million people
around the world are clinically overweight and the numbers are
rising each year. In 1997, the World Health Organisation (WHO)
declared that obesity had become a global epidemic, posing a
serious threat to public health due to the increased risks of
related health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
high blood pressure and stroke. Obesity is defined as excessive
body fat and this condition has serious effects on a person's
health and quality of life. Obesity is considered to be second
only to smoking as a leading cause of preventable death
world-wide.
Causes of
Obesity
Obesity generally results from a combination of unhealthy eating
habits coupled with a non-active lifestyle. When a person's energy
intake from food exceeds his or her energy requirements, the
excess is stored as fat. Because body fat is hard to measure
directly, whether a person is overweight can be determined by
calculating his or her body mass index (BMI) by dividing the body
weight in kilograms (kg), by the square of the height in meters
(m2). A person with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 is defined as
overweight and with 30 kg/m2 or more as obese.
Weight
Management
A successful approach to weight
management should consider the numerous factors contributing to
overweight and obesity. Such a weight management programme should
focus on:
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