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Polio |
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What is polio?
Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is a disease that can damage the
nervous system and cause paralysis. Since polio immunization has
become widespread in the United States, cases of polio are rare.
However, polio remains a problem in many parts of the world.
What are the signs and
symptoms of polio?
The polio virus attacks the nerve cells that control muscle
movements. Many people infected with the virus have few or no
symptoms. Others have short-term symptoms, such as headache,
tiredness, fever, stiff neck and back, and muscle pain.
More serious problems happen when the virus invades nerves in the
brain and causes paralysis of the muscles used in swallowing and
breathing. Invasion of the nerves in the spinal cord can cause
paralysis of the arms, legs, or trunk.
What is
the treatment for polio?
There is no treatment for polio. A polio patient must receive
expert medical care, especially at the beginning of the illness.
What causes polio?
Polio is caused by the poliovirus, a highly contagious virus
specific to humans. The virus usually enters the environment in
the feces of someone who is infected. In areas with poor
sanitation, the virus easily spreads through the fecal-oral route,
via contaminated water or food. In addition, direct contact with a
person infected with the virus can cause polio.
How is polio treated?
There is no cure for polio once a person becomes infected.
Therefore, treatments are focused on increasing comfort, managing
symptoms, and preventing complications. This may include providing
bed rest, antibiotics for additional infections, pain killers,
ventilators to help breathing, physiotherapy and moderate
exercise, and a proper diet.
One treatment for lung paralysis due to polio was to place the
patient into an iron lung - a device that would push and pull
chest muscles to make them work. However, more modern portable
ventilators and jacket-type ventilators are now employed.
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