What is Pap smear
A Pap smear (also known as the Pap test) is a
medical procedure in which a sample of cells from a woman's cervix
(the end of the uterus that extends into the vagina) is collected
and spread (smeared) on a microscope slide. The cells are examined
under a microscope in order to look for pre-malignant
(before-cancer) or malignant (cancer) changes.
A Pap smear is a simple, quick, and relatively painless screening
test. Its specificity - which means its ability to avoid
classifying a normal smear as abnormal (a "false positive" result)
- while very good, is not perfect. The sensitivity of a Pap smear
- which means its ability to detect every single abnormality --
while good, is also not perfect, and some "false negative" results
(in which abnormalities are present but not detected by the test)
will occur. Thus, a few women develop cervical cancer despite
having regular Pap screening.
In the vast majority of cases, a Pap test does identify minor
cellular abnormalities before they have had a chance to become
malignant and at a point when the condition is most easily
treatable. The Pap smear is not intended to detect other forms of
cancer such as those of the ovary, vagina, or uterus. Cancer of
these organs may be discovered during the course of the
gynecologic (pelvic) exam, which usually is done at the same time
as the Pap smear.
Treatment
Treatment for acute pancreatitis requires a few days’ stay in the
hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and medication
to relieve pain. The person cannot eat or drink so the pancreas
can rest. If vomiting occurs, a tube may be placed through the
nose and into the stomach to remove fluid and air.
Unless complications arise, acute pancreatitis usually resolves in
a few days. In severe cases, the person may require nasogastric
feeding—a special liquid given in a long, thin tube inserted
through the nose and throat and into the stomach—for several weeks
while the pancreas heals.
Before leaving the hospital, the person will be advised not to
smoke, drink alcoholic beverages, or eat fatty meals. In some
cases, the cause of the pancreatitis is clear, but in others, more
tests are needed after the person is discharged and the pancreas
is healed.
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