Nail abnormalities are problems with the color, shape, texture, or
thickness of the fingernails or toenails.
Considerations:
Just like the skin, the fingernails tell a lot about your health.
Beau's lines are depressions across the fingernail. These lines
can occur after illness, injury to the nail, and when you are
malnourished.
Brittle nails are often a normal result of aging. However, they
also may be due to certain diseases and conditions.
Koilonychia is an abnormal shape of the fingernail. The nail has
raised ridges and is thin and curved inward. This disorder is
associated with iron deficiency anemia.
Leukonychia is white streaks or spots on the nails.
Pitting is the presence of small depressions on the nail surface.
Sometimes the nail is also crumbling. The nail can become loose
and sometimes falls off.
Ridges are tiny, raised lines that develop across or up and down
the nail.
Common Causes:
Crushing the base of the nail or the nail bed may cause a
permanent deformity.
Chronic picking or rubbing of the skin behind the nail can cause a
washboard nail.
Long-term exposure to moisture or nail polish can cause nails to
peel and become brittle.
Infection:
Fungus or yeast cause changes in the color, texture, and shape of
the nails.
Bacterial infection may cause a change in nail color or painful
areas of infection under the nail or in the surrounding skin.
Severe infections may cause nail loss.
Viral warts may cause a change in the shape of the nail or ingrown
skin under the nail.
Certain infections (especially of the heart valve) may cause red
streaks in the nail bed ( splinter hemorrhages).
Diseases:
Disorders that affect the amount of oxygen in the blood (such as
abnormal heart anatomy and lung diseases including cancer or
infection) may cause clubbing.
Kidney disease can cause a build-up of nitrogen waste products in
the blood, which can damage nails.
Liver disease can damage nails.
Thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may
cause brittle nails or splitting of the nail bed from the nail
plate (onycholysis).
Severe illness or surgery may cause horizontal depressions in the
nails (Beau's lines).
Psoriasis may cause pitting, splitting of the nail plate from the
nail bed, and chronic destruction of the nail plate (nail
dystrophy).
Other conditions that can affect the appearance of the nails
include systemic amyloidosis, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency,
and lichen planus.
Poisons:
Arsenic poisoning may cause white lines and horizontal ridges.
Silver intake can cause a blue nail.
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