Studies indicate that almost 80% women suffer the effects of
menstrual discomforts. The world over women experience some
typical symptoms of menstrual period flow. But we first need to
know the mechanics behind the activity to understand why these
symptoms appear and what makes them such a problem.
Every month a woman's ovaries release one egg into her uterus.
This egg stays there , waiting to be fertilized, and after a few
days, is discharged from the uterus along with its tissue lining .
This was the lining that had been prepared by nature to create a
soft, warm cocoon for the fetus that would have been conceived had
the egg got fertilised. This is nature's own baby basket and its
warm lining.
But when the egg doesn't get fertilized, and is expelled from the
body with a bloody vaginal discharge, this is called the menstrual
flow. This process is called menstruation. As this blood, tissue
and the egg flow out from the vagina, they cause some physical
discomfort but most of the pain associated with the menstrual flow
is largely hormones related.
Menstrual Period Symptoms
The most common symptom of menstruation is the pain in the
abdomen. In many cases this is located at the lower abdomen or
lower back area. The pain usually starts from a couple of days
before the actual flow starts and is generally referred to as PMS
– Pre-Menstrual Syndrome. There are other symptoms that are
equally discomforting but until very recently it was dismissed as
female drivel , fuss over a pain that is nowhere else except for
in the imagination. But science has now established that
discomforts and pain during the menstrual flow are not
psychological, they have very physical roots. Most of these pains
are caused by dramatically fluctuating hormone levels in the body.
Whoever said that the ability to give birth would come easy?
The pain or menstrual cramps usually come because during the first
five days of the menstrual period, the uterus is contracting in
spasms, in order to shed the lining. The pain is a much milder
form of what she will experience during childbirth, also a
contractions- led activity. The muscle contractions here are cause
by a chemical called prostaglandins. This hormone causes the
muscles of the uterus to contract for a longer period of time,
sometimes depriving it of oxygen. This is what causes menstrual
cramps.
Then after 14 days, the hormonal level changes to prepare for the
release of the next egg. The hormone levels of both estrogen and
progesterone keep rising till about 4 days before the next period,
and then, if fertilization has not taken place, they fall. This
sudden change causes more irritation and emotional imbalance in a
woman. People refer this discomfort to, when they talk about 'that
time of the month'.
Around the time ovulation happens there is a pain in the back,
abdomen or even dizziness. Just about a week before the actual
menstrual period flow starts, the woman may experience bloating.
This is water retention on legs and around the middle, sometimes
even the face. The other symptoms are breast tenderness, decreased
activity levels and lack of sleep. Some women also experience
changes in appetite while some others break out in acne. There
sometimes seems to be a slight loss of coordination, so many women
experience trouble in driving in this PMS state. A woman
approaching this time usually experiences attacks of anxiety and
social withdrawal. The most common of all symptoms, is
irritability or moodiness, depression and angry outbursts. Nausea,
headache, gas in the abdomen, indigestion and sometimes even
diarrhea are common symptoms and pains of menstrual period. If
these pains get more severe than normal, they are taken to be a
disorder called dysmenorrhea.
The bad news is that menstrual pain and discomfort does not spare
any woman who is in the fertile age bracket, usually between 12
and 51. Class, culture, body type, even race make no difference.
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