Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection.

Causes

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a chronic (long-term) infection of the lymphatic system caused by three different types of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacteria spread through sexual contact. The infection is caused by a different bacteria than that which causes genital chlamydiachlamydia.

LGV is more common in Central and South America than in North America. Every year, a few hundred cases of LGV are diagnosed in the United States. However, the actual number of infections is unknown.

LGV is more common in men than women. The main risk factor is having multiple sexual partners.

Symptoms

Symptoms of LGV can begin a few days to a month after coming in contact with the bacteria. Symptoms include:-

Small painless ulcer on the male genitalia or in the female genital tract
Swelling and redness of the skin in the groin area
Swollen groin lymph nodes on one or both sides; it may also affect lymph nodes around the rectum in those who have anal intercourse
Drainage through the skin from lymph nodes in groin
Blood or pus from the rectum (blood in the stoolsblood in the stools)
Painful bowel movements (tenesmustenesmus)
Swelling of the labia

The infection can cause diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Women may develop abnormal connections called fistulas between the vaginavagina and rectum.

Exams and Tests

The health care provider will perform a physical examinationphysical examination and ask questions about your medical history. It is important to tell your doctor if you had sexual contact with someone who has had lymphogranuloma venereum.

A physical exam may show:-

An ulcer on the genitals
An oozing, abnormal connection (fisula) in the rectal area
Swollen lymph nodes in the groin (inguinal lymphadenopathylymphadenopathy)
Drainage through the skin from lymph nodes in the groin
Swelling of the vulva or labia in women

Tests may include:-

BiopsyBiopsy of the lymph node
Blood test for the bacteria that causes LGV
Laboratory test to detect chlamydia

Treatment

This condition can be cured with the proper antibiotics. Those commonly prescribed to treat LGV include tetracycline, doxycycline, and erythromycin.

Outlook (Prognosis)

With treatment, the outlook is good.

Possible Complications

Abnormal connections between the rectum and vagina
Brain inflammation (very rare)
Infections in the joints, eyes, heart, or liver
Long-term inflammation and swelling of the genitalia
Scarring and narrowing of the rectum

Complications can occur many years after the initial infection.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you have been in contact with someone who may a sexually transmitted disease, including LVG. Also call if symptoms of LVG develop.

Prevention

Abstaining from sexual activity is the only absolute way to prevent a sexually transmitted disease. Safer sex behaviors may reduce the risk.

The proper use of condoms, either the male or female type, greatly decreases the risk of catching a sexually transmitted disease. You need to wear the condom from the beginning to the end of each sexual activity.

Alternative Names

LGV; Lymphogranuloma inguinale; Lymphopathia venereum

 

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