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Lazy eye |
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What is Amblyopia (Lazy
Eye)?
Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is the eye condition noted
by reduced vision not correctable by glasses or contact lenses and
is not due to any eye disease. The brain, for some reason, does
not fully acknowledge the images seen by the amblyopic eye. This
almost always affects only one eye but may manifest with reduction
of vision in both eyes. It is estimated that three percent of
children under six have some form of amblyopia.
Causes of Lazy Eye
Anything that interferes with clear vision in either eye during
the critical period (birth to 6 years of age) can cause amblyopia.
The most common causes of amblyopia are constant strabismus
(constant turn of one eye), anisometropia (different
vision/prescriptions in each eye), and/or blockage of an eye due
to cataract, trauma, lid droop, etc.
Amblyopia is a neurologically active process. In other words, the
loss of vision takes place in the brain. If one eye sees clearly
and the other sees a blur, the brain can inhibit (block, ignore,
suppress) the eye with the blur. The brain can also suppress one
eye to avoid double vision. The inhibition process (suppression)
can result in a permanent decrease in the vision in the blurry eye
that can not be corrected with glasses, lenses, or lasik surgery.
Detection and Diagnosis of Lazy Eye
An eye exam by a pediatrician or the 20/20 eye chart screening is
not adequate for the detection of amblyopia (and other visual
conditions). The most important diagnostic tools are the special
visual acuity tests other than the 20/20 letter charts currently
used by schools, pediatricians and eye doctors. Examination with
cycloplegic drops can be necessary to detect this condition in the
young.
Since amblyopia usually occurs in one eye only, many parents and
children are unaware of the condition. Many children go
undiagnosed until they have their eyes examined at the eye
doctor's office at a later age. Comprehensive vision evaluations
are highly recommended for infants and pre-school children.
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