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Jaundice in the newborn baby |
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Definition :
Jaundice refers to the yellow coloration of the skin and white of
the eye. When it occurs in a newly born baby its called as Newborn
jaundice.
What causes it :
It is caused by high amount of bilirubin ( a pigment formed as a
result of the break down of the Red cells in the blood. Bilirubin
is eliminated from the body by the liver. The Liver of the newborn
usually takes some time to adjust to excrete all the billirubin
and until then the bilirubin builds up in the body and produces
jaundice.
Types of newborn jaundice
:
Physiological jaundice:
Some degree of jaundice is evident in a lot of newborns usually on
the 2nd day of life. It peaks around the 4th to 5th day & the
yellowness disappears by the end of the 1st week.Technically
speaking the bilirubin levels are between 10-16 mg%.
Pathological jaundice:
If the bilirubin builds up too high in the body that is more than
17mg% within the first week then it may be toxic to the brain and
it can cause permanent brain damage. This can occur due to some
infection to the baby, mismatch between the baby’s and mother’s
blood group or due to some structural defects in the liver.
Jaundice of prematurity:
It occurs frequently in premature babies
because the liver takes much more time to be able to handle the
bilirubin levels.
Breast milk jaundice:
A particular compound in the mother’s milk can lead to jaundice in
a few babies. It usually occurs the 4th day onwards. However
sometimes it can reach high levels be prolonged.
Stopping breast feeding & feeding only formula for 2 days subsides
the jaundice and then breast feeding can be resumed .
Treatment:
In case of physiological jaundice no specific therapy is required.
The infant should be watched for any complications or a sudden
increase in the jaundice
Simply putting the baby in the sun for half an hour or so in the
morning & evening is sufficient. Care though must be taken to
avoid putting the baby in too strong a sunlight and for too long
because then the baby can become dehydrated quickly and also can
get sun burnt.
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