What is Infertility Infertility is defined as the failure to
become pregnant
after one year of unprotected intercourse. There are two types of
infertility; Primary infertility, which is infertility without any
previous pregnancy; and secondary infertility, when there has been
a previous pregnancy.
What are the causes of infertility? A basic infertility evaluation is
carried out to find out the cause of infertility.
When to see your doctor?
Though there is no specific time frame as to when to consult your
doctor but you can see your doctor if the pregnancy does not take
place even after one year of unprotected intercourse.
You might want to wait a little longer if you are in your twenties
but if both of the partners are in mid or late thirties then the
advice will be to seek professional help.
Age of the female is an important factor for if she has crossed 35
or is near to it then it is advisable to seek help at the
earliest.
Is it correct that the female partner is responsible for
infertility?
No, male factors account for up to 40 percent of infertility
problems.
How would the doctor go about it?
The first diagnostic step is the evaluation of the infertile
couple and to determine which partner is infertile.
Normally the steps of a basic infertility evaluation would
include:
1. History:
Taking a thorough medical history including any other medical
conditions you might be having, any history of drug intake, and
any other obstetric or gynaecological problems that you may have.
2. Physical examination
A thorough physical examination.
3. Blood tests
Depending on the individual couple’s situation, various blood
tests on either the female or the male may be needed. They can
include testing for the levels of various sex hormones.
4. Taking a sample of semen and doing a semen analysis
5. Finding out if the woman is ovulating or not (i.e. producing
egg in every menstrual cycle)
6. Hysterosalpingogram
This test is done in order to assess the anatomy of the cavity of
the uterus and the fallopian tubes.
7. Laparoscopy
May be required after basic tests have been done. The surgeon
looks inside the abdomen through an endoscope to look for any
deformities of the tubes or for endometriosis.
Treatment for unexplained Infertility
This can include a combination of the following modalities
1. Ovarian stimulation
-by drugs such as ‘clomiphene citrate’
-using hormonal injections plus intercourse
2. Assisted reproductive technologies as treatment for unexplained
infertility
In vitro fertilization
(IVF)
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