What Causes Heartburn?
Heartburn is caused when stomach acid refluxes--backs up--into the esophagus. This can occur for a number of reasons:

• When the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the valve that keeps stomach acid in the stomach, is weakened or relaxed and doesn't do its job properly. This is the most common symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).
   

• Certain foods, such as chocolate, fried and fatty foods, peppermint, coffee, alcohol, sugars, can weaken or relax the LES.
   

• Eating large meals or shortly before bedtime."
   

• A hiatal hernia.
   

• Pressure on the stomach, including frequent bending over, tight clothes, lifting, obesity.
   

• Certain medications.
   

• Smoking.
   

• Stress can increase acid production and slow down the emptying of the stomach.

Is Heartburn Serious?

People who suffer from mild heartburn may consider it more of a nuisance than a condition that can cause any serious complications. But for those who suffer from chronic heartburn, episodes occurring from several times a week to several times a day, if it's left untreated can lead to severe complications.

For people who suffer from Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), heartburn can be chronic, and severe. This can cause scarring of the esophagus, which narrows the esophagus and makes it difficult to swallow. It can also lead to Barrett's esophagus, a condition where cells similar to those of the stomach lining develop in the lower esophagus. This severe damage to the esophagus increases your risk of developing cancer of the esophagus.

Managing Your Heartburn
You can find relief from your heartburn with a few self-care remedies. This involves making a few lifestyle and diet changes.

Here are a few suggestions:

• Eat frequent smaller meals instead of three larger ones.
  This will help prevent excessive production of stomach acid.
   

• Eat slowly.
  One way to help you slow down while eating is to put your fork or spoon down between bites.
   

• Don't go to bed with a full stomach.
  Stay up at least three hours after eating your last meal or large snack before going to bed. This gives acid levels a chance to decrease before your body is in a position where heartburn is more likely to occur.
   

• Raise the head of your bed several inches.
  With your head elevated, it will help prevent reflux during the night.
   

• Avoid your heartburn triggers.
  Examples of foods and beverages that can trigger heartburn are coffee (including decaf), alcohol, fatty foods, caffeine-containing beverages and foods, onions, peppermint, chocolate, citrus fruits or juices, tomatoes.
   

• Stop smoking.
  Nicotine can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, the muscle that controls the opening between the esophagus and stomach and prevents the acid-containing contents of the stomach from entering the esophagus.
   

• Wear looser-fitting clothes.
  Tight clothing squeezes the midsection and tends to push stomach contents upward.
   

• Lose weight.
  If you are overweight, losing weight can help relieve your symptoms.
   

• Chew gum.
  Chewing gum can provide short-term heartburn relief by stimulating the production of saliva, which dilutes and flushes out stomach acid.
   

• Drink warm liquids.
  Drinking a glass of lukewarm water or herbal tea after a meal can dilute and flush out stomach acid