What is enlarged adenoids?
Enlarged adenoids refer to swollen lymphatic tissues at the back
of the nose. These tissues are similar to tonsils.
Adenoids are lumpy clusters of spongy tissue that help protect
children from getting sick. Like tonsils, adenoids help keep the
body healthy by trapping harmful bacteria and viruses that are
breathed in or swallowed. Adenoids also contain cells that make
antibodies to help the body fight infections.
What is the cause?
Enlargement of the adenoids may occur naturally (beginning during
fetal development), or it may be caused by long-term inflammation.
What are symptoms?
Swollen or enlarged adenoids are common. When this happens, the
tonsils get swollen, too. Swollen or infected adenoids can make it
tough for a child to breathe and cause these problems:
* Mouth breathing (mostly at night)
* Dry mouth
* Cracked lips
* Mouth open during day (more severe obstruction)
* Bad breath
* Persistent runny nose or nasal congestion
* Frequent ear infections
* Snoring
* Restlessness while sleeping
* Intermittent sleep apnoea
What is the diagnosis?
The adenoids cannot be seen by looking in the mouth directly, but
can be seen with a special mirror or using a flexible endoscope
through the nose. The tests may include x-ray and sleep apnoea
studies.
What is the treatment?
If the enlarged or infected adenoids keep bothering the child and
medicine doesn't stop them from coming back, the doctor may
recommend surgically removing them with a procedure called an
adenoidectomy. This may be recommended if the child experiences
one or more of the following:
* difficulty in breathing
* sleep apnoea
* recurrent infections
Having the child's adenoids removed is especially important when
repeated infections lead to sinus and ear infections. Badly
swollen adenoids can interfere with ear pressure and fluid
movement, which can sometimes lead to hearing loss. Therefore,
kids whose infected adenoids cause frequent earaches and fluid
buildup may need to get an adenoidectomy as well as ear tube
surgery. And although adenoids can be taken out without the
tonsils, if the child is having tonsil problems, they may need to
be removed at the same time. A tonsillectomy with an adenoidectomy
is the most common operation for children.
What are the possible complications?
Enlarged adenoids can cause health-threatening conditions such as
chronic ear infections, sleep apnoea, pulmonary hypertension, and
right-sided heart failure. If the child has difficulty breathing
through the nose, you must contact your doctor.
What is the prevention?
Treating throat infections early may prevent the adenoids from
becoming enlarged from long-term infection and inflammation.
Adenoidectomy prevents the complications of long-term airway
obstruction.
Enlarged Adenoids
Right Sided Heart
Failure
Sleeping Patterns In
The Period Of Infancy
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