What is dyspareunia?
Dyspareunia means pain during intercourse. It can be caused by a
variety of reasons such as local infection, hormonal changes with
aging, or an allergy caused by the use of personal care products.
How is it caused? 1. Tipped or retroverted uterus: Some women with a tipped uterus
experience pain during intercourse. The penis may hit the cervix
or uterus during sex causing pain. This condition is known as
collision dyspareunia.
2. Endometriosis: The endometrium, which is the tissue lining the
uterus, may grow outside the uterus causing deep pain during sex.
3. Infection: Bacterial or yeast infections may result in pain
during intercourse.
4. Vulvodynia:This is a condition in which the vulva becomes
sensitive and tender to touch.
5. Drugs: Common drugs used for allergy, high blood pressure or
depression may affect
the amount of vaginal lubrication, sexual arousal and desire. A
dry vagina results in pain during intercourse.
6. Physical problems: An abdominal surgery or a scar during
delivery can cause a lot of pain during intercourse.
7. Pelvic floor myalgia: Involuntary contractions of the pelvic
muscles can result in difficult and uncomfortable sex.
8. Emotional issues: Sometimes, past experiences such as sexual
abuse or other psychological problems can be a cause of pain
during sex.
How is it treated?
The treatment options may depend upon the results of the pelvic
examination and other diagnostic tests. The various treatment
options include:
* A changed position in case of a tipped uterus, may allow the
uterus to move away resulting in a more comfortable intercourse.
* In case of infections medications may be given either orally or
as vaginal pessaries.
* If the problem is caused by insufficient lubrication of the
vagina, a cream or jelly may be used to reduce the pain.
* Relaxation exercises may help regain control over vaginal
muscles. This may help in reducing pain during sexual intercourse.
* If the diagnostic tests determine that a tipped uterus or
endometriosis may be responsible for the pain, surgery may be
suggested.
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