Dandruff is an overproduction
and build-up of dead
skin cells. It occurs
as snowy dust-like flakes. Dandruff can also be defined as
the shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp at an
excessive rate. This is the result of normal growing process
of the skin cells of the scalp. Our scalp and the rest of
the body are covered with skin cells. As the skin renews
itself, the top layer of old cells die and scales off.
Normally the entire renewal process takes 2–3 weeks. In some
cases, there is an increased production of cells, causing
the dead ones to pack together and build up as dandruff on
the scalp.
Dandruff may occur in any age group and at any time. In
cases of chronic dandruff, the condition may affect the skin
around the nose, eyes, ears and chest area.
What are the causes?
Dandruff is a minor problem but it can be
very embarrassing. Dandruff is seasonal. It is more severe
during the winter and mildest during summer. The causes of
dandruff include:
Oily scalp
Infection caused by an organism
Pityrosporum ovale.
Excessive use of shampoos, hairsprays,
hair curlers and gels.
Improper use of hair colouring
products.
Infrequent shampooing or cleaning of
the hair.
Stress, anxiety and tension.
What is the treatment?
Since dandruff is a natural process it cannot
be eliminated, it can only be controlled. The simplest
treatment is frequent and effective shampooing of the hair
and the scalp. Mild dandruff can be treated by regularly
shampooing the scalp with a mild, non-medicated shampoo. If
this does not help, a medicated dandruff shampoo can be
used. Shampoos containing cytostatic agent, such as selenium
sulphide or zinc pyrithione can be used. These agents reduce
the growth and multiplication of horny cells (top layer of
skin on the scalp). Shampoos containing selenium sulphide
should not be used if there is a cut or abrasion on the
scalp. Other ingredients in the shampoos that treat dandruff
are coal tar preparations, salicylic acid, sulfur and a
combination of salicylic acid and sulphur. Nizoral AD,
is a shampoo that specifically targets P.ovale and treats
flaking and itching.
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