Babies are totally dependent on us to look after them. During the
first year the baby relies on his mother to feed him, move him
from place to place, keep him clean, talk to him, and most
important of all, love him. Well-cared for babies grow up to have
fewer problems later, and a well-cared-for child is in turn likely
to look after his or her own children well.
Some tips for maintaining good baby hygiene:
1. In our climate babies can easily get cold if they are not
dressed up and if exposed to pollution & temperature changes. It
is easy to over clothe a baby, and difficult to judge how warm he
is. Temperature is critical if the baby is very young, premature
or small.
2. If a baby is ill and feverish, it is sensible to keep him
relatively cool rather than smother him with blankets and extra
clothes.
3. A baby needs bathing every day, in addition it is important to
keep his skin clean in the nappy area and in the folds under his
arms, round his neck and behind his ears. Both bathing and washing
his face and nappy areas are good ways of keeping him clean and
fresh. The water used should be warm and be careful while applying
soap or oil. In case soap enters the mouth or eyes, don’t panic.
Call your doctor and seek guidance.
4. His nails need cutting carefully because of the sudden
movements babies often make, use small scissors with blunt-ended
blades.
5. Cotton wool buds can be used if absolutely necessary to clean
only the outer ears and the nostrils. It is not to be pushed in
deeper, however, it is easy to hurt the baby if he moves, so you
should hold him very firmly while doing this. Never poke anything
up the ear canal, as a sudden movement may make you damage or even
break the baby’s eardrum.
6. Caring for a baby means giving him interesting things to do,
paying attention to him besides feeding, washing and putting him
to bed. A happy, relaxed, loving mother gets the most pleasure
from her baby and he from her.
What is nappy rash?
Nappy rash is a very common problem. Most babies will get it at
some point. It is not usually a disease, but just an irritation of
the skin.
Why do babies get nappy rash?
A wet or dirty nappy that has been left touching the skin for too
long is the most common cause of nappy rash. This is especially
true of children with diarrhoea. Human waste products can turn
into ammonia if the nappy isn't changed for a long time. Waste
products eat into the baby’s skin and starts to sting.
A fungal infection due to dampness under the nappy also causes
nappy rash. Everybody has fungi on their skin, but they only grow
when conditions are right. This has nothing to do with bad
hygiene.
It is caused by dampness or changes in the skin conditions. A
fungal infection can be quite unpleasant for the baby especially
when the baby wets or dirties his nappy.
The baby can also get a bacterial infection in the area where the
nappy is. This can happen if there has been a small scratch on the
baby’s skin or if his skin has been weakened by a sustained rash,
allowing bacteria to grow easily. The baby’s skin will then be
red, warm and swollen, and the baby may also get a fever. If the
baby has these symptoms, you need to contact your doctor.
Other skin condition, such as eczema, will only exacerbate the
child’s nappy rash. If it is left untreated, the baby’s skin falls
off in big flakes, and pus filled blisters may develop, then nappy
dermatitis is also likely to spread beyond the nappy region.
What can you do about a nappy rash?
Some babies only experience it once in a while, whilst others
experience it time and again. No one knows the reason for these
differences in the skin, but some babies just seem more sensitive
than others.
The best way to treat an ordinary nappy rash, or nappy rash caused
by a fungal infection, is to let it get some air. It is a good
idea to leave the baby's nappy off for one hour a few times a day.
It also helps if the baby’s nappy is changed often. When the rash
is at its worst, it may be necessary to change the nappy up to 12
times a day. Dry the baby's bottom carefully after each change.
It is important to wash the baby’s bottom every time you change
the nappy. If your baby has only wet his nappy, use warm water. If
the baby has dirtied his nappy, use a little soap, but remember to
always rinse in warm water to make sure there is no soap left on
the baby’s skin.
If your baby has a nappy rash or a very sensitive skin it is a
good idea to protect it with a thick barrier cream after every
wash. To protect the red skin, you can use a zinc paste or barrier
cream, which is available at the chemist: zinc forms a protective
surface over the skin. Weak hydrocortisone creams can be used for
severe cases, though you should consult your doctor first. If
using cloth nappies, try changing to disposable nappies as they
absorb more fluid from the baby’s skin.
What if the rash gets worse?
If the nappy rash does not get better in a few days, or gets
worse, talk to your doctor. If the baby’s skin turns even more
red, warm and swollen, and the baby gets a temperature, you should
also contact a doctor immediately as the nappy rash may be caused
by a bacterial infection that requires medical treatment.
How to tell the differences between nappy rashes?
An ordinary nappy rash is very red, but not bright red. The baby
feels well in general, only feeling a sting when he is wet or
dirty. The redness does not reach into the folds of the skin and
disappears a few days after giving his bottom some air, using zinc
cream and frequently changing nappies. Get advice from a nurse or
doctor if the rash continues.
A fungal infection is bright red in colour. Check if the baby is
red in the folds of the skin as well. The fungus can grow there
too. Your baby will get very upset and cry when you change his
nappy. Airing the bottom and frequent nappy changes is often not
enough to improve the condition. If zinc paste for the child does
not help, then seek medical help.
A bright red, very warm and swollen nappy rash may be caused by a
bacterial infection. The baby may be in a bad mood and have a
fever. If so, then contact a doctor.
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