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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
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What is Primary Sclerosing
Cholangitis
PSC is a disease that damages and blocks bile ducts
inside and outside the liver. Bile is a liquid made in the liver.
Bile ducts are tubes that carry bile out of the liver to the
gallbladder and small intestine. In the intestine, bile helps
break down fat in food.In PSC, inflammation of the bile ducts
leads to scar formation and narrowing of the ducts over time. As
scarring increases, the ducts become blocked. As a result, bile
builds up in the liver and damages liver cells. Eventually, scar
tissue can spread throughout the liver, causing cirrhosis and
liver failure.
What causes PSC?
The causes of PSC are not known. Genes, immune system problems,
bacteria, and viruses may play roles in the development of the
disease.
PSC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About three out
of four people with PSC have a type of IBD called ulcerative
colitis. The link between PSC and IBD is not yet understood.
How is
PSC treated?
Although researchers have studied many treatments, none has been
shown to cure or slow the progress of PSC. Treatment of PSC aims
to relieve symptoms and manage complications. Medical treatment
may include various medications to relieve itching, antibiotics to
treat infections, and vitamin supplements. Instruments passed
through an endoscope during ERCP can help open blocked bile ducts.
Liver transplantation may be an option if the liver begins to
fail.
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