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Learning disability |
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What is a learning
disability?
Interestingly, there is no clear and widely accepted definition of
"learning disabilities." Because of the multidisciplinary nature
of the field, there is ongoing debate on the issue of definition,
and there are currently at least 12 definitions that appear in the
professional literature. These disparate definitions do agree on
certain factors:
1. The learning disabled have difficulties with academic
achievement and progress.
Discrepancies exist between a person's potential for learning
and what he actually
learns.
2. The learning disabled show an uneven pattern of development
(language development,
physical development, academic development and/or perceptual
development).
3. Learning problems are not due to environmental disadvantage.
4. Learning problems are not due to mental retardation or
emotional disturbance.
What
causes learning disabilities?
Little is currently known about the causes of learning
disabilities. However, some general observations can be made:
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Some children develop
and mature at a slower rate than others in the same age group.
As a result, they may not be able to do the expected school
work. This kind of learning disability is called "maturational
lag."
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Some children with normal
vision and hearing may misinterpret everyday sights and sounds
because of some unexplained disorder of the nervous system.
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Injuries before birth or in
early childhood probably account for some later learning
problems.
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Children born prematurely and
children who had medical problems soon after birth sometimes
have learning disabilities.
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Learning disabilities tend to
run in families, so some learning disabilities may be inherited.
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Learning disabilities are more
common in boys than girls, possibly because boys tend to mature
more slowly.
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Some learning disabilities
appear to be linked to the irregular spelling, pronunciation,
and structure of the English language. The incidence of learning
disabilities is lower in Spanish or Italian speaking countries.
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